含义
大家好,单词侦探们。今天,我们要调查两组看起来像双胞胎的代词。它们是自反代词和强调代词。它们看起来完全一样。myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。但它们在句子中的作用不同。这就像有两个同名的朋友,但一个是厨师,一个是画家。我们需要了解它们的作用。
自反代词就像一面镜子。它将动词的动作反射回主语。它表明主语正在对自己做这个动作。“I cut myself.”在这里,“myself”将切割动作反射回“I”。强调代词就像一个聚光灯。它强调或突出显示它后面的名词。它对于句子的基本含义来说不是必需的。“I myself made this cake.”聚光灯打在“I”上。让我们学习如何识别镜子和聚光灯。
变位
这些词本身不会改变。自反代词和强调代词的列表是相同的。但是你必须将它们与主语匹配。这是重要的匹配列表。
对于一个人或事物,我们使用:-self。 I ➔ myself
You ➔ yourself (或复数“you”的 yourselves)
He ➔ himself
She ➔ herself
It ➔ itself
对于多个,我们使用:-selves。 We ➔ ourselves
You ➔ yourselves
They ➔ themselves
无论你使用这个词作为镜子(自反)还是聚光灯(强调),你都必须从这个列表中选择正确的词来匹配你所谈论的人。
现在时
让我们看看现在时中的自反代词和强调代词,用于现在的动作和状态。
自反代词是必需的。句子需要它才有意义。I am teaching myself to draw. You should believe in yourself. He is talking to himself. She bought herself a gift. The cat cleans itself. We are preparing ourselves. Please, help yourselves. They are enjoying themselves. 在每一个例子中,动作都回到了主语。
强调代词是额外的。它增加了强调。没有它,句子也很好。I myself do not like spinach. (I do not like spinach.) You yourself said it was true. The teacher herself will call you. The toy itself is broken. We ourselves saw the accident. Did you build this yourselves? They themselves are to blame. 强调代词是聚光灯词。
过去时
我们也可以使用这些代词来谈论过去。代词保持不变,但主要动词会发生变化以显示过去的时间。
过去时的自反代词:I hurt myself yesterday. You saw yourself in the mirror. He taught himself to swim. She made herself a sandwich. The door closed by itself. We found ourselves lost. Did you kids behave yourselves? They introduced themselves.
过去时的强调代词:I myself baked the cookies. You yourself told me the story. The principal himself gave the award. She herself fixed the computer. The answer itself was wrong. We ourselves cleaned the whole room. You yourselves won the game. The players themselves chose the captain. 即使在过去,强调代词也会突出显示主语。
将来时
我们可以使用这些代词来谈论未来的计划和行动。
将来时的自反代词:I will buy myself a new book. You are going to teach yourself. He will build himself a fort. She is going to treat herself. The machine will turn itself off. We will ask ourselves why. Will you guys help yourselves? They are going to enjoy themselves.
将来时的强调代词:I myself will be there. You yourself will see. The mayor himself will open the festival. She herself is going to lead the team. The idea itself is great. We ourselves will take care of it. Will you yourselves be ready? They themselves have promised to come. 聚光灯代词对未来的计划增加了强烈的强调。
疑问句
我们可以使用这两种类型的代词来提问,但感觉不同。
带有自反代词的疑问句通常检查某人是否独自做了某事或为了自己的利益。Did you make that yourself? Can he tie his shoes by himself? Why is she talking to herself? Should we go by ourselves? Did they paint the room themselves? 自反代词是动作的一部分。
带有强调代词的疑问句不太常见,但它们可以用于强烈的强调或惊讶。You yourself ate the whole pie? The president himself is coming here? We ourselves have to solve this? 疑问句中的强调代词表达了不信任或突出了重要性。
其他用法
最重要的是了解区别。自反代词是必需的。没有它,句子是错误的或不清楚的。“I cut”是不完整的。切什么。“I cut myself”很清楚。强调代词是一个额外的奖励词。你可以删除它,句子仍然是正确的。“I made the cake”很好。“I myself made the cake”更强烈。
强调代词通常紧跟在它们所强调的名词或代词之后。有时它们会出现在句子的末尾,以产生不同的效果。“I made the cake myself.”这仍然强调我独自完成了它。位置可以改变,但作为聚光灯的作用保持不变。
学习技巧
一个很棒的技巧是“删除测试”。阅读句子。尝试删除 -self/-selves 词。如果句子仍然完全有意义,则该词是强调代词(聚光灯)。如果句子变得错误或令人困惑,则它是自反代词(镜子)。“She saw herself.”删除“herself”。“She saw.”看到什么。令人困惑。自反。“She herself saw it.”删除“herself”。“She saw it.”仍然有意义。强调。
把它表演出来。对于自反动作,假装照镜子并说“I see myself”。对于强调陈述,自豪地指向你的胸口并说“I myself did it!”。身体姿势有助于记住反射和强调之间的区别。
制作一个两列表格。在一侧标记“镜子(自反)”并画一个镜子。在另一侧标记“聚光灯(强调)”并画一个聚光灯。在每一列中写下例句。这种视觉分隔非常有帮助。
教育游戏
让我们玩“镜子还是聚光灯”。准备一套句子卡片。有些使用代词作为镜子,有些作为聚光灯。“The cat washed itself.”(镜子)。“The queen herself waved.”(聚光灯)。大声朗读一个句子。孩子们必须举起一面镜子或一个聚光灯的图片(或者只说出这个词)来显示它是哪种类型。这个快速的游戏可以建立即时识别。
尝试“造句”挑战。给孩子们两组单词卡片。A 组有句子开头:“I taught...”,“The hero...”,“We made...”。B 组有 -self/-selves 代词。他们必须用相同的开头造两个句子,一个使用代词作为镜子,一个作为聚光灯。“I taught myself to juggle.”(镜子)。“I myself taught the class.”(聚光灯)。这项创造性的练习巩固了不同的角色。
创建一个“代词剧院”活动。在卡片上写下简短、简单的场景。一个玩家是叙述者并阅读场景。“告诉大家你独自建造了模型火箭,非常自豪。”另一个玩家必须表演出来并使用强调代词说一句台词。“I myself built this rocket!”然后,“告诉大家你不小心割伤了自己。”玩家表演出来:“哎哟,I cut myself!”。这结合了戏剧、口语和语法,以一种令人难忘、有趣的方式进行。

