教“have”的过去时态是英语学习中至关重要的一步。这个小词在对话中经常出现。孩子们需要正确使用它来谈论他们过去的经历和拥有的东西。今天，我们将探讨动词“have”的过去时态，并了解如何帮助孩子们掌握这个重要的动词。
含义 让我们从“have”的含义开始。动词“have”表示拥有或所有权。它也可以表示关系、经历或动作。“I have a dog”表示这只狗属于我。“She has a headache”表示她正在经历疼痛。“We have breakfast at seven”表示我们吃早餐。
在过去简单时态中，“have”变成“had”。这种形式适用于所有主语。I、you、he、she、it、we 或 they 之间没有区别。每个人在过去简单时态中都使用“had”。
“I had a bicycle when I was young.” “She had a cold last week.” “We had fun at the park yesterday.” “They had pizza for dinner.” “He had a blue backpack.” “It had a broken wheel.”
含义保持不变。“Had”表示所有权、关系或经历发生在过去，现在已经结束。
变位 动词“have”是不规则动词。这意味着它不遵循添加“ed”表示过去时态的规则模式。孩子们需要记住它的特殊形式。
现在时态形式： I have You have We have They have He has She has It has
过去时态形式（适用于所有主语）： I had You had We had They had He had She had It had
过去时态比现在时态简单得多。所有主语只需要学习一种形式。一旦孩子们理解了规则，这会更容易。
否定过去简单时态： I did not have You did not have We did not have They did not have He did not have She did not have It did not have
请注意，在否定形式中，我们使用“did not”和基本形式“have”。我们不说“did not had”。这是一个常见的错误，需要注意。
现在时态 在教过去时态之前，孩子们需要理解现在时态。“have”的现在时态根据主语而变化。
“I have a red ball.” “You have blue eyes.” “We have two cats.” “They have a big house.” “He has a new bicycle.” “She has a pretty dress.” “It has a long tail.”
我们多次练习这些句子。孩子们需要在过渡到过去时态之前，对“have”和“has”感到舒服。
现在时态谈论现在为真的事情。“I have a cold today.”这意味着现在，我生病了。这种感觉是当前的。
过去时态 现在我们关注动词“have”的过去时态：“had”。这谈论的是过去为真的事情，但现在不再是真的了。
“I had a cold last week, but now I am better.” “She had a blue bicycle when she was little.” “We had a good time at the party yesterday.” “They had a pet rabbit, but it ran away.” “He had a red car, but he sold it.” “It had a scratch on the door.”
过去时态告诉我们情况已经结束。感冒已经好了。自行车不再是她的了。派对结束了。兔子不见了。
我们练习对比现在时态和过去时态。“Today I have a sandwich. Yesterday I had pizza.”“Now she has long hair. Before, she had short hair.”这些对比有助于孩子们理解时间差异。
将来时态 对于将来时态，我们不使用“had”。我们使用“will have”或“going to have”。这谈论的是稍后会发生的事情。
“I will have a birthday party next month.” “She will have a new baby sister in the spring.” “We will have a test on Friday.” “They are going to have a picnic on Saturday.” “He will have a turn soon.” “It will have a new paint job.”
将来时态对所有主语都是一致的。每个人都使用“will have”或“is going to have”。根据主语，没有变化。
我们可以对比所有三种时态： 过去时态：I had a dog when I was little. 现在时态：I have a cat now. 将来时态：I will have a hamster next year.
这有助于孩子们看到完整的时间线。
疑问句 在过去简单时态中使用动词“have”构成疑问句遵循常规模式。我们使用“did”加上基本形式“have”。
现在时态疑问句： “Do you have a pencil?” “Does she have a brother?”
过去时态疑问句： “Did you have a good time?” “Did she have a cold?” “Did they have enough food?” “Did it have a happy ending?” “Did he have a bike?” “Did we have a test?”
答案也使用“did”。 “Did you have breakfast?” “Yes, I did.” “No, I didn't.”
疑问词疑问句： “What did you have for lunch?” “Where did they have the party?” “Why did she have to leave early?” “How many pets did he have?”
这些问题在日常对话中非常常见。孩子们需要大量练习。
过去时态中“have”的其他用法 除了所有权之外，过去时态“had”还有许多其他用法。孩子们在日常语言中会遇到这些。
Had 用于过去的经历： “We had a great time.” “She had a wonderful vacation.” “I had a strange dream.” “They had an adventure.”
Had 用于过去的餐食： “We had breakfast at seven.” “They had lunch at school.” “She had dinner with friends.”
Had 用于过去的动作： “She had a shower.” “He had a nap.” “They had a conversation.”
Had 用于过去的感觉： “I had a headache.” “She had fun.” “We had a problem.”
Had with “got”： 在非正式英语中，我们有时使用“had got”，但在美式英语中，“had gotten”更常见。通常我们只使用“had”或“got”表示过去的拥有。
在所有这些用法中，过去简单时态始终是“had”。这种一致性有助于孩子们在许多情况下正确使用它。
动词“have”过去时态的学习技巧 教动词“have”的过去简单时态需要特定的策略。以下是与年幼学习者一起使用的有效技巧。
从孩子们生活中的具体例子开始。“昨天，你吃了什么早餐？你小时候有什么玩具？”个人联系使语法变得有意义。
使用时间线。在黑板上画一条线。在一端标记“过去”，在另一端标记“现在”。将事件放在时间线上。“I had a baby tooth”在过去。“I have big teeth”现在。视觉效果有助于孩子们理解时间概念。
单独练习否定形式。孩子们经常说“I didn't had”而不是“I didn't have”。通过游戏和重复来练习这种模式。“Did you have pizza?” “No, I didn't have pizza. I had pasta.”
使用包含“had”的歌曲。“Old MacDonald Had a Farm”非常完美。孩子们在一个有趣的环境中反复唱“had”。“Mary Had a Little Lamb”是另一个很好的例子。
动词“have”过去时态的常见错误 孩子们在使用动词“have”的过去时态时会犯一些可预测的错误。了解这些有助于我们温和地解决它们。
一个常见的错误是在过去时态中使用“has”。“Yesterday she has a cold”应该改为“Yesterday she had a cold”。我们解释说，“has”只适用于现在时态，用于 he/she/it。
另一个错误是在否定形式中保留“have”而没有“did”。“I not have breakfast”应该改为“I did not have breakfast”。孩子们需要练习完整的否定形式。
一些孩子将“had”与“did”一起使用。“I did had fun”应该改为“I did have fun”。我们解释说，“did”已经表示过去时态，所以主要动词保持简单。
疑问句中的词序可能很棘手。“You had a good time?”应该改为“Did you have a good time?” 作为一个问题。多次练习提问模式。
动词“have”过去时态的教育游戏 游戏使语法练习变得有趣且令人难忘。以下是一些练习动词“have”过去时态的游戏。
记忆链游戏： 从一个使用“had”的句子开始。“I had a dog when I was little.”下一个孩子重复并添加自己的句子。“She had a dog, and I had a cat.”继续在圈子里，建立一个记忆链。这以一种自然的方式练习了这种形式。
你有什么游戏？ 给每个孩子一张图片卡，上面显示一个物体。他们四处走动并互相提问。“What did you have for breakfast?”孩子看着他们的卡片并回答。“I had cereal.”这练习了问题和答案。
昨天和今天分类： 创建句子卡。一些使用“have”或“has”表示现在时态。一些使用“had”表示过去时态。孩子们将它们分成两堆。“I have a ball”放在现在时态。“I had a ball”放在过去时态。这建立了时间意识。
过去时态宾果游戏： 创建带有使用“had”的句子的宾果卡。大声说出现在时态的句子。孩子们找到匹配的过去时态。说“I have a dog”，他们寻找“I had a dog”。这建立了转换技能。
故事时间： 阅读一个多次使用“had”的简单故事。“Goldilocks and the Three Bears”效果很好。“Papa Bear had a big bowl. Mama Bear had a medium bowl. Baby Bear had a small bowl.”阅读后，孩子们用“had”复述故事。
采访游戏： 孩子们互相采访关于过去的事情。“What did you have for breakfast? What toys did you have when you were little? Where did you have your last birthday party?”他们练习用“had”提问和回答。
在故事中使用 Had 故事非常适合练习动词“have”的过去时态。许多儿童读物经常使用这个词。
Eric Carle 的《The Very Hungry Caterpillar》反复使用“had”。“On Monday, he had one apple. On Tuesday, he had two pears. On Wednesday, he had three plums.”这本书非常适合练习用食物和数字使用“had”。
《We're Going on a Bear Hunt》在副歌中使用“had”。一家人不得不经历许多障碍。
阅读后，孩子们可以创作自己的“had”故事。“On my birthday, I had cake. I had presents. I had fun.”这建立了自信和创造力。
日常练习机会 练习动词“have”过去时态的最佳方法是在日常对话中。在一天中，我们有很多机会使用过去时态。
在早会期间，询问前一天晚上的情况。“What did you have for dinner last night?”孩子们用“had”回答。“I had spaghetti.”
在展示和讲述期间，孩子们谈论来自家里的物体。“I had this toy since I was little.”“My grandma had this doll when she was a girl.”
在一天结束时的反思时间里，谈论发生的事情。“We had music class today. We had a fun time at recess.”
这些自然的对话提供了有意义的练习，而不会让人觉得像上课一样。
当我们与年轻的学习者一起探索动词“have”的过去时态时，我们帮助他们表达自己关于过去的事情。他们学习谈论他们拥有的、经历的和做过的事情。他们在讲述关于他们生活的故事时获得了信心。通过游戏、歌曲和日常对话，“had”成为他们英语的自然组成部分。这个小词开启了关于时间和经历的全新交流维度。