动词“to have”是英语中最常用的词之一。孩子们经常用它来谈论他们拥有的东西、他们的经历以及他们所做的事情。今天，我们将探讨“to have”是什么，并了解如何帮助年轻的学习者正确理解和使用这个重要的动词。
含义 让我们从一个基本的问题开始。动词“to have”是什么意思？动词“to have”表示拥有或所有权。当我们说某人拥有某物时，我们的意思是该物属于他们或与他们在一起。
“I have a dog.” 这意味着这只狗属于我。 “She has a new bicycle.” 这意味着这辆自行车属于她。 “They have a big house.” 这意味着这所房子属于他们。
但“to have”不仅仅意味着所有权。它也表示关系。“I have a sister.” 这意味着我是一个有姐姐的家庭的一部分。
它表示特征。“He has blue eyes.” 这描述了他的外貌特征。
它表示经历。“We have fun at the park.” 这描述了一种经历。
它表示动作。“She has breakfast at seven.” 这描述了日常作息。
动词“to have”在英语中无处不在。孩子们需要理解它的多种用法。
变位 现在我们需要了解动词“to have”如何根据主语而变化。这称为变位。动词在现在时中会发生变化。
现在时形式： I have You have We have They have He has She has It has
注意这个模式。对于 I、you、we 和 they，我们使用“have”。对于 he、she 和 it，我们使用“has”。这是孩子们必须学习的基本规则。
过去时形式： I had You had We had They had He had She had It had
在过去时中，每个人都使用“had”。主语之间没有区别。这使得过去时比现在时更简单。
将来时形式： I will have You will have We will have They will have He will have She will have It will have
在将来时中，我们对所有主语都使用“will have”。这很一致，孩子们很容易学习。
现在时 现在时是孩子们最常使用动词“to have”的时候。我们用它来谈论现在真实的事情。
现在时的所有格： “I have a red ball.” “You have a blue crayon.” “We have two cats.” “They have a big yard.” “He has a new toy.” “She has a pretty dress.” “It has a long tail.”
现在时的关系： “I have a brother.” “She has two sisters.” “They have a baby.”
现在时的特征： “He has brown hair.” “She has a smile.” “It has soft fur.”
现在时的作息： “We have breakfast at eight.” “She has music class on Tuesday.” “They have dinner together.”
当我们教授现在时时，我们侧重于主谓一致。孩子们需要听到并练习这种模式：I have, you have, we have, they have, but he has, she has, it has。
过去时 过去时“had”用于所有主语。我们用它来谈论过去真实但现在可能不真实的事情。
过去时的所有格： “I had a puppy when I was little.” “She had a blue bicycle.” “They had a pet rabbit.”
过去时的关系： “He had a best friend in preschool.” “We had a nice teacher last year.”
过去时的特征： “She had long hair before the haircut.” “It had a broken wing.”
过去时的经历： “We had fun at the party.” “They had a good time on vacation.” “I had a strange dream.”
过去时告诉我们情况已经结束。小狗不见了。自行车不再是她的了。派对结束了。
将来时 对于将来时，我们对所有主语都使用“will have”。我们谈论稍后会发生的事情。
将来时的所有格： “I will have a birthday party next week.” “She will have a new baby sister.” “They will have a new car.”
将来时的经历： “We will have fun at the zoo.” “He will have a turn soon.”
将来时的作息： “We will have dinner at six.” “They will have a test on Friday.”
我们也可以使用“going to”来表示将来。“I am going to have a party.” “She is going to have a baby.” 这是表达未来含义的另一种常用方式。
疑问句 用动词“to have”构成疑问句遵循清晰的模式。孩子们需要大量练习这些结构。
现在时疑问句： “Do I have a turn?” “Do you have a pencil?” “Do we have time?” “Do they have children?” “Does he have a bike?” “Does she have a cold?” “Does it have a name?”
请注意，当我们使用“do”或“does”时，主要动词会回到“have”。不是“does he has”，而是“does he have”。
过去时疑问句： “Did I have a turn?” “Did you have fun?” “Did we have enough?” “Did they have food?” “Did he have a bike?” “Did she have a cold?” “Did it have a name?”
在过去时中，我们对所有主语都使用“did”，主要动词是“have”。
将来时疑问句： “Will I have a turn?” “Will you have time?” “Will we have fun?” “Will they have food?” “Will he have a bike?” “Will she have a baby?” “Will it have a name?”
在将来时中，我们将“will”移到前面。
“Have”的其他用法 除了所有格之外，动词“to have”还有许多其他重要用途。孩子们在日常语言中会遇到这些。
“Have”用于用餐： “We have breakfast at seven.” “Let's have lunch together.” “They have dinner at six.”
“Have”用于经历： “Have a good time!” “We have fun at the park.” “She has a wonderful vacation.”
“Have”用于感受： “I have a headache.” “He has a cold.” “She has fun.”
“Have”用于动作： “Have a shower.” “Have a nap.” “Have a conversation.”
“Have”用于表达： “Have a good day.” “Have a seat.” “Have a look.” “Have a try.”
Have got： 在非正式英语中，我们经常使用“have got”来表示与“have”相同的意思。“I have got a dog”与“I have a dog”的意思相同。这在口语中非常常见。
学习“To Have”的技巧 教授动词“to have”需要特定的策略。以下是适用于年轻学习者的技巧。
从现在时和具体物体开始。举起一支铅笔，说：“I have a pencil。” 给孩子一支铅笔，说：“You have a pencil。” 使用孩子们可以看到和触摸的真实物体。
单独练习“has”形式。孩子们经常忘记“has”上的“s”。花更多的时间在 he/she/it 的例子上。使用一个人或动物的图片。“He has. She has. It has.”
使用歌曲和圣歌。用这些模式创建简单的圣歌。“I have, you have, we have, they have. He has, she has, it has.” 节奏有助于记忆。
一起练习疑问句和否定句。“Do you have a dog? No, I don't have a dog. I have a cat.” 这建立了自然的对话模式。
使用故事。像“Brown Bear, Brown Bear”这样的书可以用“has”疑问句来扩展。“What does the brown bear have? It has brown fur.”
“To Have”的常见错误 孩子们在使用动词“to have”时会犯一些可预测的错误。了解这些有助于我们温和地解决它们。
一个常见的错误是与 he、she 或 it 一起使用“have”。“He have a ball”应该改为“He has a ball”。温和的纠正和重复会有所帮助。
另一个错误是在疑问句中忘记将“has”改回“have”。“Does she has a cat?” 应该改为“Does she have a cat?” 解释说“does”已经显示了现在时，所以主要动词会回到基本形式。
一些孩子错误地在过去时中使用“have”。“I have a cold yesterday”应该改为“I had a cold yesterday”。解释说“have”用于现在，“had”用于过去。
疑问句中的语序可能很棘手。“You have a pencil?” 应该改为“Do you have a pencil?” 作为一个疑问句。多次练习疑问句模式。
“To Have”的教育游戏 游戏使语法练习变得有趣且令人难忘。以下是一些练习动词“to have”的游戏。
谁拥有它？游戏： 给每个孩子一个小物体或一张卡片。问一些问题，例如“Who has the red crayon?” 拥有该物品的孩子站起来说：“I have the red crayon。” 然后那个孩子问下一个问题。这同时练习了疑问句和回答。
Have/Has 分类： 准备句子卡片。有些需要“have”，有些需要“has”。孩子们将它们分成两堆。“I ___ a ball”放在“have”堆中。“She ___ a ball”放在“has”堆中。这建立了主谓一致。
记忆链游戏： 从一个句子开始。“I have a cat.” 下一个孩子重复并添加。“She has a cat, and I have a dog.” 下一个继续。“She has a cat, he has a dog, and I have a fish.” 这将记忆和语法结合在一起。
图片描述游戏： 展示一张有许多人和物体的繁忙图片。让孩子们用“have”和“has”来描述他们所看到的。“The girl has a balloon. The boy has an ice cream. The dog has a bone.” 这将观察和语言技能结合在一起。
Have 宾果游戏： 创建带有图片的人和物的宾果卡。大声说出句子。“She has a red balloon.” 孩子们盖住匹配的图片。这建立了听力理解能力。
问答游戏： 成对练习问答。一个孩子问：“Does Maria have a pencil?” 另一个孩子看并回答：“Yes, she does”或“No, she doesn't.” 这建立了自然的对话技巧。
在故事中使用“To Have” 故事非常适合练习动词“to have”。许多儿童读物经常使用这个词。
Eric Carle 的《好饿的毛毛虫》反复使用“had”。“On Monday, he had one apple. On Tuesday, he had two pears.” 这本书非常适合练习过去时。
Bill Martin Jr. 的《棕色的熊，棕色的熊，你看到了什么？》可以用“has”疑问句来扩展。“What does the brown bear have? It has brown fur and sharp claws.”
Nancy Tafuri 的《你看到我的小鸭了吗？》反复使用疑问句形式。孩子们在整本书中练习“have”在疑问句中。
阅读后，孩子们可以创建他们自己的“have”和“had”故事。“I have a pet cat. I had a pet fish before.” 这建立了自信和创造力。
日常练习机会 练习动词“to have”的最佳方法是在日常对话中。在一天中，我们有很多机会使用这个动词。
在早会期间，谈论孩子们拥有的东西。“Maria has a new backpack. Juan has a blue crayon. The class has a pet fish.”
在展示和讲述期间，孩子们使用“have”来描述他们的物品。“My toy robot has red eyes. It has movable arms. It has wheels on its feet.”
在点心时间，谈论每个人拥有的东西。“Emma has an apple. Liam has crackers. The table has a napkin for everyone.”
在反思时间，使用过去时。“What did we have for snack today? We had apples and crackers. What fun did we have? We had music class.”
这些自然的对话提供了有意义的练习，而不会让人觉得像上课一样。
当我们与年轻的学习者一起探索“to have”是什么时，我们帮助他们表达所有权、关系、特征和经历。他们学习谈论人们和事物拥有、拥有和将拥有的东西。通过游戏、故事和日常对话，动词“to have”成为他们英语的自然组成部分。这个重要的动词为描述他们周围的世界和他们在其中的位置开辟了丰富的可能性。