I
When he was away from her, while he kicked about the garage and swept the snow off the running–board and examined a cracked hose–connection, he repented, he was alarmed and astonished that he could have flared out at his wife, and thought fondly how much more lasting she was than the flighty Bunch. He went in to mumble that he was "sorry, didn't mean to be grouchy," and to inquire as to her interest in movies. But in the darkness of the movie theater he brooded that he'd "gone and tied himself up to Myra all over again." He had some satisfaction in taking it out on Tanis Judique. "Hang Tanis anyway! Why'd she gone and got him into these mix–ups and made him all jumpy and nervous and cranky? Too many complications! Cut 'em out!"
He wanted peace. For ten days he did not see Tanis nor telephone to her, and instantly she put upon him the compulsion which he hated. When he had stayed away from her for five days, hourly taking pride in his resoluteness and hourly picturing how greatly Tanis must miss him, Miss McGoun reported, "Mrs. Judique on the 'phone. Like t' speak t' you 'bout some repairs."
Tanis was quick and quiet:
"Mr. Babbitt? Oh, George, this is Tanis. I haven't seen you for weeks—days, anyway. You aren't sick, are you?"
"No, just been terribly rushed. I, uh, I think there'll be a big revival of building this year. Got to, uh, got to work hard."
"Of course, my man! I want you to. You know I'm terribly ambitious for you; much more than I am for myself. I just don't want you to forget poor Tanis. Will you call me up soon?"
"Sure! Sure! You bet!"
"Please do. I sha'n't call you again."
He meditated, "Poor kid! . . . But gosh, she oughtn't to 'phone me at the office.... She's a wonder—sympathy 'ambitious for me.' . . . But gosh, I won't be made and compelled to call her up till I get ready. Darn these women, the way they make demands! It'll be one long old time before I see her! . . . But gosh, I'd like to see her to–night—sweet little thing.... Oh, cut that, son! Now you've broken away, be wise!"
She did not telephone again, nor he, but after five more days she wrote to him:
Have I offended you? You must know, dear, I didn't mean to. I'm so lonely and I need somebody to cheer me up. Why didn't you come to the nice party we had at Carrie's last evening I remember she invited you. Can't you come around here to–morrow Thur evening? I shall be alone and hope to see you.
His reflections were numerous:
"Doggone it, why can't she let me alone? Why can't women ever learn a fellow hates to be bulldozed? And they always take advantage of you by yelling how lonely they are.
"Now that isn't nice of you, young fella. She's a fine, square, straight girl, and she does get lonely. She writes a swell hand. Nice–looking stationery. Plain. Refined. I guess I'll have to go see her. Well, thank God, I got till to–morrow night free of her, anyway.
"She's nice but—Hang it, I won't be MADE to do things! I'm not married to her. No, nor by golly going to be!
"Oh, rats, I suppose I better go see her." II
Thursday, the to–morrow of Tanis's note, was full of emotional crises. At the Roughnecks' Table at the club, Verg Gunch talked of the Good Citizens' League and (it seemed to Babbitt) deliberately left him out of the invitations to join. Old Mat Penniman, the general utility man at Babbitt's office, had Troubles, and came in to groan about them: his oldest boy was "no good," his wife was sick, and he had quarreled with his brother–in–law. Conrad Lyte also had Troubles, and since Lyte was one of his best clients, Babbitt had to listen to them. Mr. Lyte, it appeared, was suffering from a peculiarly interesting neuralgia, and the garage had overcharged him. When Babbitt came home, everybody had Troubles: his wife was simultaneously thinking about discharging the impudent new maid, and worried lest the maid leave; and Tinka desired to denounce her teacher.
"Oh, quit fussing!" Babbitt fussed. "You never hear me whining about my Troubles, and yet if you had to run a real–estate office—Why, to–day I found Miss Bannigan was two days behind with her accounts, and I pinched my finger in my desk, and Lyte was in and just as unreasonable as ever."
He was so vexed that after dinner, when it was time for a tactful escape to Tanis, he merely grumped to his wife, "Got to go out. Be back by eleven, should think."
"Oh! You're going out again?"
"Again! What do you mean 'again'! Haven't hardly been out of the house for a week!"
"Are you—are you going to the Elks?"
"Nope. Got to see some people."
Though this time he heard his own voice and knew that it was curt, though she was looking at him with wide–eyed reproach, he stumped into the hall, jerked on his ulster and furlined gloves, and went out to start the car.
He was relieved to find Tanis cheerful, unreproachful, and brilliant in a frock of brown net over gold tissue. "You poor man, having to come out on a night like this! It's terribly cold. Don't you think a small highball would be nice?"
"Now, by golly, there's a woman with savvy! I think we could more or less stand a highball if it wasn't too long a one—not over a foot tall!"
He kissed her with careless heartiness, he forgot the compulsion of her demands, he stretched in a large chair and felt that he had beautifully come home. He was suddenly loquacious; he told her what a noble and misunderstood man he was, and how superior to Pete, Fulton Bemis, and the other men of their acquaintance; and she, bending forward, chin in charming hand, brightly agreed. But when he forced himself to ask, "Well, honey, how's things with YOU," she took his duty–question seriously, and he discovered that she too had Troubles:
"Oh, all right but—I did get so angry with Carrie. She told Minnie that I told her that Minnie was an awful tightwad, and Minnie told me Carrie had told her, and of course I told her I hadn't said anything of the kind, and then Carrie found Minnie had told me, and she was simply furious because Minnie had told me, and of course I was just boiling because Carrie had told her I'd told her, and then we all met up at Fulton's—his wife is away—thank heavens!—oh, there's the dandiest floor in his house to dance on—and we were all of us simply furious at each other and—Oh, I do hate that kind of a mix–up, don't you? I mean—it's so lacking in refinement, but—And Mother wants to come and stay with me for a whole month, and of course I do love her, I suppose I do, but honestly, she'll cramp my style something dreadful—she never can learn not to comment, and she always wants to know where I'm going when I go out evenings, and if I lie to her she always spies around and ferrets around and finds out where I've been, and then she looks like Patience on a Monument till I could just scream. And oh, I MUST tell you—You know I never talk about myself; I just hate people who do, don't you? But—I feel so stupid to–night, and I know I must be boring you with all this but—What would you do about Mother?"
He gave her facile masculine advice. She was to put off her mother's stay. She was to tell Carrie to go to the deuce. For these valuable revelations she thanked him, and they ambled into the familiar gossip of the Bunch. Of what a sentimental fool was Carrie. Of what a lazy brat was Pete. Of how nice Fulton Bemis could be—"course lots of people think he's a regular old grouch when they meet him because he doesn't give 'em the glad hand the first crack out of the box, but when they get to know him, he's a corker."
But as they had gone conscientiously through each of these analyses before, the conversation staggered. Babbitt tried to be intellectual and deal with General Topics. He said some thoroughly sound things about Disarmament, and broad–mindedness and liberalism; but it seemed to him that General Topics interested Tanis only when she could apply them to Pete, Carrie, or themselves. He was distressingly conscious of their silence. He tried to stir her into chattering again, but silence rose like a gray presence and hovered between them.
"I, uh—" he labored. "It strikes me—it strikes me that unemployment is lessening."
"Maybe Pete will get a decent job, then."
Silence.
Desperately he essayed, "What's the trouble, old honey? You seem kind of quiet to–night."
"Am I? Oh, I'm not. But—do you really care whether I am or not?"
"Care? Sure! Course I do!"
"Do you really?" She swooped on him, sat on the arm of his chair.
He hated the emotional drain of having to appear fond of her. He stroked her hand, smiled up at her dutifully, and sank back.
"George, I wonder if you really like me at all?"
"Course I do, silly."
"Do you really, precious? Do you care a bit?"
"Why certainly! You don't suppose I'd be here if I didn't!"
"Now see here, young man, I won't have you speaking to me in that huffy way!"
"I didn't mean to sound huffy. I just—" In injured and rather childish tones: "Gosh almighty, it makes me tired the way everybody says I sound huffy when I just talk natural! Do they expect me to sing it or something?"
"Who do you mean by 'everybody'? How many other ladies have you been consoling?"
"Look here now, I won't have this hinting!"
Humbly: "I know, dear. I was only teasing. I know it didn't mean to talk huffy—it was just tired. Forgive bad Tanis. But say you love me, say it!"
"I love you.... Course I do."
"Yes, you do!" cynically. "Oh, darling, I don't mean to be rude but—I get so lonely. I feel so useless. Nobody needs me, nothing I can do for anybody. And you know, dear, I'm so active—I could be if there was something to do. And I am young, aren't I! I'm not an old thing! I'm not old and stupid, am I?"
He had to assure her. She stroked his hair, and he had to look pleased under that touch, the more demanding in its beguiling softness. He was impatient. He wanted to flee out to a hard, sure, unemotional man–world. Through her delicate and caressing fingers she may have caught something of his shrugging distaste. She left him—he was for the moment buoyantly relieved—she dragged a footstool to his feet and sat looking beseechingly up at him. But as in many men the cringing of a dog, the flinching of a frightened child, rouse not pity but a surprised and jerky cruelty, so her humility only annoyed him. And he saw her now as middle–aged, as beginning to be old. Even while he detested his own thoughts, they rode him. She was old, he winced. Old! He noted how the soft flesh was creasing into webby folds beneath her chin, below her eyes, at the base of her wrists. A patch of her throat had a minute roughness like the crumbs from a rubber eraser. Old! She was younger in years than himself, yet it was sickening to have her yearning up at him with rolling great eyes—as if, he shuddered, his own aunt were making love to him.
He fretted inwardly, "I'm through with this asinine fooling around. I'm going to cut her out. She's a darn decent nice woman, and I don't want to hurt her, but it'll hurt a lot less to cut her right out, like a good clean surgical operation."
He was on his feet. He was speaking urgently. By every rule of self–esteem, he had to prove to her, and to himself, that it was her fault.
"I suppose maybe I'm kind of out of sorts to–night, but honest, honey, when I stayed away for a while to catch up on work and everything and figure out where I was at, you ought to have been cannier and waited till I came back. Can't you see, dear, when you MADE me come, I—being about an average bull–headed chump—my tendency was to resist? Listen, dear, I'm going now—"
"Not for a while, precious! No!"
"Yep. Right now. And then sometime we'll see about the future."
"What do you mean, dear, 'about the future'? Have I done something I oughtn't to? Oh, I'm so dreadfully sorry!"
He resolutely put his hands behind him. "Not a thing, God bless you, not a thing. You're as good as they make 'em. But it's just—Good Lord, do you realize I've got things to do in the world? I've got a business to attend to and, you might not believe it, but I've got a wife and kids that I'm awful fond of!" Then only during the murder he was committing was he able to feel nobly virtuous. "I want us to be friends but, gosh, I can't go on this way feeling I got to come up here every so often—"
"Oh, darling, darling, and I've always told you, so carefully, that you were absolutely free. I just wanted you to come around when you were tired and wanted to talk to me, or when you could enjoy our parties—"
She was so reasonable, she was so gently right! It took him an hour to make his escape, with nothing settled and everything horribly settled. In a barren freedom of icy Northern wind he sighed, "Thank God that's over! Poor Tanis, poor darling decent Tanis! But it is over. Absolute! I'm free!"
Contexte et présentation de l'auteur
Ce passage est tiré du roman Babbitt de Sinclair Lewis, publié pour la première fois en 1922. Lewis était un romancier américain connu pour ses critiques sociales acerbes et ses portraits vivants de la vie de la classe moyenne américaine. Babbitt est l'une de ses œuvres les plus célèbres, offrant un regard satirique sur la vie de George F. Babbitt, un agent immobilier d'âge moyen vivant dans la ville fictive de Zenith. À travers les expériences de Babbitt, Lewis explore les thèmes de la conformité, du matérialisme, de la pression sociale et de la recherche de l'épanouissement personnel dans l'Amérique du début du XXe siècle.
Interprétation détaillée et signification
L'extrait capture un moment de tourmente émotionnelle dans la vie de Babbitt, en se concentrant sur ses relations et ses conflits internes. Babbitt est pris entre ses responsabilités familiales et sa liaison compliquée avec Tanis Judique. Sa frustration et son désir de paix révèlent les pressions auxquelles il est confronté en tant qu'homme essayant d'équilibrer les attentes de la société, ses désirs personnels et son propre sentiment d'identité.
Le passage met en évidence l'indécision et l'immaturité émotionnelle de Babbitt. Il ressent du ressentiment face aux exigences de Tanis, mais se sent également coupable et tiraillé. Ses réflexions sur le vieillissement de Tanis et ses propres sentiments d'emprisonnement révèlent sa peur de la vulnérabilité et du changement. Le dialogue entre eux montre la complexité des relations humaines, où l'amour, la solitude, les malentendus et les rôles sociaux s'entremêlent.
La représentation de la vie de Babbitt par Lewis est une critique des valeurs superficielles de la classe moyenne américaine, soulignant comment la conformité sociale peut conduire à l'insatisfaction et à l'isolement émotionnel. Le roman encourage les lecteurs à réfléchir sur la signification du succès et du bonheur au-delà de la richesse matérielle et du statut social.
Leçons et perspectives pour les étudiants
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Comprendre la complexité humaine : L'histoire enseigne que les gens sont souvent en conflit et imparfaits. Les luttes de Babbitt nous rappellent que les émotions comme la culpabilité, la frustration et la solitude sont naturelles, mais la façon dont nous les gérons façonne notre caractère.
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L'importance de la communication : Les malentendus et les sentiments non exprimés créent des tensions dans les relations de Babbitt. Les étudiants peuvent apprendre la valeur d'une communication honnête et ouverte pour maintenir des relations saines avec leur famille et leurs amis.
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Équilibrer les responsabilités et les besoins personnels : La vie de Babbitt montre le défi de jongler avec le travail, la famille et les désirs personnels. Les jeunes lecteurs peuvent réfléchir à la manière de gérer leurs propres responsabilités tout en cultivant leurs intérêts et leur bien-être.
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Réflexion critique sur les normes sociales : Le roman encourage à remettre en question les pressions et les normes sociales. Les étudiants peuvent explorer comment la conformité peut limiter l'individualité et le bonheur, les incitant à penser de manière indépendante.
Comment appliquer ces leçons dans la vie
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À l'école : Face au stress ou aux conflits, les étudiants peuvent s'exercer à exprimer clairement leurs sentiments et à écouter les autres, comme Babbitt a du mal à le faire. Cela aide à développer l'empathie et à résoudre les problèmes.
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Dans les situations sociales : Comprendre que tout le monde a des difficultés cachées encourage la gentillesse et la patience. Reconnaître la complexité chez les autres peut améliorer les amitiés et le travail d'équipe.
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Développement personnel : Réfléchir à ses valeurs et à ses objectifs, plutôt que de suivre aveuglément les attentes sociales, peut mener à une vie plus épanouissante. Les étudiants doivent être encouragés à poursuivre ce qui compte vraiment pour eux.
Cultiver des traits positifs à partir de l'histoire
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L'introspection : Comme les moments d'introspection de Babbitt, les étudiants devraient régulièrement réfléchir à leurs actions et à leurs sentiments pour grandir émotionnellement.
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L'empathie : Comprendre les problèmes des autres, comme Babbitt essaie de le faire avec Tanis et sa femme, aide à développer la compassion.
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La résilience : Malgré ses défauts, Babbitt continue de faire face à ses défis. Les étudiants peuvent apprendre à affronter les difficultés avec courage et adaptabilité.
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Les compétences en communication : Pratiquer un dialogue honnête et respectueux peut prévenir les malentendus et renforcer les liens.
Conclusion
Babbitt de Sinclair Lewis offre une riche exploration de la nature humaine et de la société qui reste pertinente aujourd'hui. Pour les étudiants et les jeunes lecteurs, il fournit des informations précieuses sur les complexités des relations, les pressions des attentes sociales et la recherche du bonheur authentique. En étudiant ce roman, ils peuvent développer l'intelligence émotionnelle, la pensée critique et les compétences interpersonnelles qui leur seront utiles dans tous les domaines de la vie.